Socio-Spatial Studies

Socio-Spatial Studies

Doctors for AI? A systematic review

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Simindokht Tomraee 1
Seyedeh Hamideh Hosseini 2
Reza Toosi 3
1 Doctor of Pharmacy, Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Master's degree in English Language Teaching (ELT), Khatam University, Tehran, Iran
3 Doctor of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
10.22034/soc.2022.219431
Abstract
Artificial intelligence is transforming all aspects of human life and healthcare industry is one of the areas of change due to introduction of AI. This systematic review examines the perspectives of doctors on the use of AI in clinical settings, synthesizing findings from peer-reviewed articles to provide a comprehensive understanding of their attitudes, experiences, and concerns. Drawing on studies conducted across diverse healthcare environments, the review identifies prevailing themes, including the perceived benefits of AI in improving diagnostic accuracy, streamlining workflows, and personalizing patient care. However, it also highlights persistent challenges, such as ethical dilemmas surrounding accountability and autonomy, concerns about data privacy, and the potential for algorithmic biases. The findings reveal that while many physicians are optimistic about the transformative potential of AI, significant gaps remain in education and infrastructure that hinder effective adoption. Doctors frequently underscore the need for explainable AI systems, robust regulatory frameworks, and targeted training programs to address these challenges. This review contributes to the growing body of literature on AI in healthcare by offering insights into how medical professionals perceive and engage with this rapidly evolving technology.
Keywords
Artificial Intelligence
Healthcare
Pysicians
Doctors
Medical Education

 

Copyright © The Author(s);

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-By-NC: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode.en), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

Alanazi, A. (2023). Clinicians’ views on using artificial intelligence in healthcare: Opportunities, challenges, and beyond. Cureus, 15(9), e45255. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.45255
Allen, M. R., Webb, S., Mandvi, A., Frieden, M., Tai-Seale, M., & Kallenberg, G. (2024). Navigating the doctor-patient-AI relationship: A mixed-methods study of physician attitudes toward artificial intelligence in primary care. BMC Primary Care, 25(42). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-024-02282-
Amann, J., Blasimme, A., Vayena, E., Frey, D., & Madai, V. I., on behalf of the Precise4Q consortium. (2020). Explainability for artificial intelligence in healthcare: A multidisciplinary perspective. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 20(310). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-020-01332-6
Amann, J., Vayena, E., Ormond, K. E., Frey, D., Madai, V. I., & Blasimme, A. (2023). Expectations and attitudes towards medical artificial intelligence: A qualitative study in the field of stroke. PLoS ONE, 18(1), e0279088. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279088
Arsalani, A., Sakhaei, S., & Zamani, M. (2022). ICT for Children: The Continuous Need for Media Literacy. Socio-Spatial Studies, 6(1), 1-11. doi: 10.22034/soc.2022.211944
Banerjee, A., Sarangi, P. K., & Kumar, S. (2024). Medical doctors’ perceptions of AI in healthcare. Cureus, 16(9), e70508. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.70508
Barati, N., Dariush, B., Dastyar, F., & Barati, M. (2020). Environmental Intelligence A Holistic Approach to the Human-Environment Relationship. Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development, 13(30), 213-225. doi: 10.22034/aaud.2019.183282.1860
Bhavaraju, S. R. (2023). Artificial intelligence in healthcare: Doctor as a stakeholder. In S. P. Stawicki (Ed.), Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Surgery - An Exploration of Current Trends, Potential Opportunities, and Evolving Threats - Volume 1. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.111490
Blease, C., Kaptchuk, T. J., Bernstein, M. H., Mandl, K. D., Halamka, J. D., & DesRoches, C. M. (2019). Artificial intelligence and the future of primary care: Exploratory qualitative study of UK general practitioners’ views. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(3), e12802. https://doi.org/10.2196/12802
Buck, C., Doctor, E., Hennrich, J., Jöhnk, J., & Eymann, T. (2022). General practitioners’ attitudes toward artificial intelligence–enabled systems: Interview study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 24(1), e28916. https://doi.org/10.2196/28916
Dariush, B., Jalili Sadrabad, S., Taghavian, N., & Mohammadi Oujan, S. (2019). Codification of the Principles and Basics of Designing Higher Educational Spaces with an Emphasis on the Cultural and Social Factors. Interdisciplinary Studies in the Humanities, 11(2), 151-181. doi: 10.22035/isih.2019.3359.3600
Dastyar, M., Dariush, B., & Dastyar, F. (2023). Virtual Education, a Complementary Element of the Puzzle of Holistic Education in The Relationship Between Humans and Environment or Iranian Citizens. Journal of Cyberspace Studies, 7(2), 237-252. doi: 10.22059/jcss.2023.356702.1088
Huang, Z., Lim, H. Y.-F., Ow, J. T., Sun, S. H.-L., & Chow, A. (2024). Doctors’ perception on the ethical use of AI-enabled clinical decision support systems for antibiotic prescribing recommendations in Singapore. Frontiers in Public Health, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1420032
Jamali, K., Salehi, K., & Chorami, M. (2022). A Comparison on Four Personality Types (A, B, C And D) in Criminal and Normal Adolescents. Medical Journal of Mashad University of Medical Sciences, 65(5).
Kansal, R., Bawa, A., Bansal, A., Trehan, S., Goyal, K., Goyal, N., & Malhotra, K. (2022). Differences in knowledge and perspectives on the usage of artificial intelligence among doctors and medical students of a developing country: A cross-sectional study. Cureus, 14(1), e21434. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.21434
Kempt, H., Heilinger, J.-C., & Nagel, S. K. (2023). “I’m afraid I can’t let you do that, Doctor”: meaningful disagreements with AI in medical contexts. AI & Society, 38(1407–1414). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-022-01418-x
Kerstan, S., Bienefeld, N., & Grote, G. (2024). Choosing human over AI doctors? How comparative trust associations and knowledge relate to risk and benefit perceptions of AI in healthcare. Risk Analysis, 44(4), 939–957. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.14216
Kharazmi, Z., & Mohammadi, S. (2020). Persian-Language Media Overseas as the Western Tools of Public Diplomacy: Framing COVID-19 Pandemics in Iran by VOA and BBC. Journal of World Sociopolitical Studies, 4(1), 1-36.
Kodabakhshi, A. A., Salehi, K., & Dehshiri, M. (2021). Sociological Analysis of Lawyer's Defense Immunity in Iranian Law. Social Science Quarterly, 14(4), 175-137.
Laï, M.-C., Brian, M., & Mamzer, M.-F. (2020). Perceptions of artificial intelligence in healthcare: findings from a qualitative survey study among actors in France. Journal of Translational Medicine, 18(14). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-019-02204-y
Liyanage, H., Liaw, S.-T., Jonnagaddala, J., Schreiber, R., Kuziemsky, C., Terry, A. L., & de Lusignan, S. (2019). Artificial intelligence in primary health care: Perceptions, issues, and challenges. Yearbook of Medical Informatics, 28(1), 041–046. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1677901
Martinho, A., Kroesen, M., & Chorus, C. (2021). A healthy debate: Exploring the views of medical doctors on the ethics of artificial intelligence. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, 121, 102190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artmed.2021.102190
Mat Reffien, M. A., Selamat, E. M., Sobri, H. N. M., Mohamed Hanan, M. F., Abas, M. I., Mohd Ishak, M. F., … Ismail, A. (2021). Physicians’ attitude towards artificial intelligence in medicine, their expectations and concerns: An online mobile survey. Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 21(1), 181–189. https://doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.21/no.1/art.742
Mohammadi, S., & Kharazmi, Z. (2021). The Remote Higher Education over COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case Study of Provisions and Priorities of the University of Tehran's Official Website. Journal of World Sociopolitical Studies, 5(2), 255-294.
Nosrati, S., Sabzali, M., Arsalani, A., Darvishi, M., & Aris, S. (2023). Partner Choices in the Age of Social Media: Are There Significant Relationships Between Following Influencers on Instagram and Partner Choice Criteria?. Revista De Gestão E Secretariado, 14(10), 19191–19210. https://doi.org/10.7769/gesec.v14i10.3022
Nosraty, N., Sakhaei, S., & Rezaei, R. (2021). The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health: A Critical Examination. Socio-Spatial Studies, 5(1), 101-11. doi: 10.22034/soc.2021.212042
Pecqueux, M., Riediger, C., Distler, M., Oehme, F., Bork, U., Kolbinger, F. R., … Kahlert, C. (2022). The use and future perspective of artificial intelligence—A survey among German surgeons. Frontiers in Public Health, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.982335
Pedro, A. R., Dias, M. B., Laranjo, L., Cunha, A. S., & Cordeiro, J. V. (2023). Artificial intelligence in medicine: A comprehensive survey of medical doctors’ perspectives in Portugal. PLoS ONE, 18(9), e0290613. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290613
Sabbar, S., Masoomifar, A., & Mohammadi, S. (2019). Where We Don’t Know How to be Ethical; A research on Understanding Plagiarism. Journal of Iranian Cultural Research, 12(3), 1-27.
Samhammer, D., Roller, R., Hummel, P., Osmanodja, B., Burchardt, A., Mayrdorfer, M., Duettmann, W., & Dabrock, P. (2022). "Nothing works without the doctor:" Physicians’ perception of clinical decision-making and artificial intelligence. Frontiers in Medicine, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.1016366
Sarfi, M., Darvishi, M., Zohouri, M., Nosrati, S., & Zamani, M. (2021). Google’s University? An exploration of academic influence on the tech giant's propaganda. Journal of Cyberspace Studies, 5(2), 181-202. 10.22059/JCSS.2021.93901
Sezgin, E. (2023). Artificial intelligence in healthcare: Complementing, not replacing, doctors and healthcare providers. Digital Health. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076231186520
Shahghasemi, E., Heisey, D. R., & Mirani, G. (2011). How do Iranians and U.S. Citizens Perceive Each Other: A Systematic Review. Journal of Intercultural Communication, 11(3), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.36923/jicc.v11i3.539
Taheri, M., Milani, A. R., & Salehi, K. (2022). Studying the Legal Criminal Policy of Iran and England Regarding Economic Crimes. Medical Law Journal, 16, 1022-1035.
Tanaka, M., Matsumura, S., & Bito, S. (2023). Roles and competencies of doctors in artificial intelligence implementation: Qualitative analysis through physician interviews. JMIR Formative Research, 7, e46020. https://doi.org/10.2196/46020
Ursuleanu, T. F., Calin, A. I., Comanescu, M. P., Stefan, H. C., Grigorovici, R., Luca, A. R., Teiu, R. E., & Grigorovici, A. (2024). Mood of the doctors: Problems, challenges and perspectives of AI use in medicine. Romanian Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 16(4). https://doi.org/10.6261/RJOR.2024.4.16.70
Warrington, D. J., & Holm, S. (2024). Healthcare ethics and artificial intelligence: a UK doctor survey. BMJ Open, 14, e089090. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-089090
York, T. J., Raj, S., Ashdown, T., & Jones, G. (2023). Clinician and computer: a study on doctors’ perceptions of artificial intelligence in skeletal radiography. BMC Medical Education, 23(16). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03976-6
Zalake, M. (2023). Doctors’ perceptions of using their digital twins in patient care. Scientific Reports, 13(21693). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-48747-5
Zamani, M., Nourbakhsh, Y., & Nayebi, H. (2021). Presenting a Pattern for Promoting Social Health Through Social Networks (Case Study: Instagram Social Network). New Media Studies, 7(28), 42-1. doi: 10.22054/nms.2022.63698.1277
Socio-Spatial Studies
Volume 6, Issue 1
Winter 2022
Pages 13-26